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1 testing
2. контроль ( материалов)3. проверка4. проба, исследованиеtesting of materials — испытание материалов
testing of polymers — испытание полимеров
ablation testing — испытание на абляцию, абляционное испытание
accelerated life testing — ускоренное испытание на долговечность
acoustic fatigue testing — испытание на акустическую выносливость
acoustic impact testing — контроль методом акустического удара
biaxial testing — двухосное испытание
color contrast dye penetrant testing — контроль цветной контрастной проникающей краской
cyclic fatigue testing — испытание на циклическую усталость
cyclic internal pressure testing — испытание на циклическое нагружение внутренним давлением
drop-weight impact sensitivity testing — испытание на чувствительность к удару методом сброса нагрузки
electromagnetic testing — электромагнитная дефектоскопия
fiber-optics nondestructive testing — неразрушающий контроль с использованием волоконной оптики
forming-film testing — испытание на плёнкообразование
fracture toughness testing — испытание образца на вязкость разрушением
hazard testing — испытание на взрывоопасность ( ракетного топлива)
high-strain rate testing — испытание ( материалов) при быстром деформировании
high-vacuum testing — испытание в глубоком вакууме
holographic honeycomb testing — голографический контроль материалов с сотовой конструкцией
holographic nondestructive testing — голографический метод неразрушающего контроля
immersion-resonance testing — иммерсионно-резонансное испытание [дефектоскопия]
immersion ultrasonic testing — иммерсионный ультразвуковой контроль
impact Izod testing — испытание на ударную вязкость, испытание на удар по Изоду
infrared testing — контроль инфракрасными лучами
low-cycle high-temperature fatigue testing — малоциклическое высокотемпературное испытание на усталость
macrohardness testing — испытание на макротвёрдость
magnaflux testing — испытание магнитным полем, магнитное испытание
micromechanical testing — микромеханическое испытание
microwave nondestructive testing — неразрушающий контроль методом микроволнового излучения
nondestructive material testing — испытание материала без разрушения
permeability testing — испытание на магнитную проницаемость
pilot testing — пробное [опытное] испытание
pneumatic testing — пневматическое испытание
qualification testing — проверка характеристик ( материала)
radioactive isotope testing — контроль радиоактивными изотопами
rheological testing — реологическое испытание, испытание на вязкость
salt solution testing — испытание в солевом растворе
scratch hardness testing — испытание на твёрдость царапанием, определение твёрдости по Моосу
sharp-notch tension testing — испытание на растяжение образца с острым надрезом
simulated service testing — испытание в условиях, имитирующих эксплуатационные
stress-rupture testing — испытание на длительную прочность
supersonic testing — ультразвуковой контроль [дефектоскопия]
thermal conductive testing — испытание на теплопроводность
thermal nondestructive testing — термический метод неразрушающего контроля
thermal vacuum testing — термическое испытание в вакууме
thermodynamic testing — термодинамическое испытание
thermomagnetic testing — термомагнитное испытание
ultrasonic flaw testing — ультразвуковая [УЗ] дефектоскопия, контроль [испытание] ультразвуком
uniaxial tension testing — испытание на одноосное растяжение
vacuum creep testing — испытание на ползучесть в вакууме
vibratory hardness testing — вибрационное испытание на твёрдость
X-ray graphic testing — рентгенографический контроль, рентгенография
English-Russian dictionary of aviation and space materials > testing
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2 testing solution
<srfc.qualit> (e.g. for salt spray tests) ■ Prüflösung f -
3 Hall, Charles Martin
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 6 December 1863 Thompson, Ohio, USAd. 27 December 1914 USA[br]American metallurgist, inventor of the first feasible electrolytic process for the production of aluminium.[br]The son of a Congregationalist minister, Hall was educated at Oberlin College. There he was instructed in chemistry by Professor F.F.Jewett, a former student of the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler, who encouraged Hall to believe that there was a need for a cheap process for the manufacture of aluminium. After graduating in 1885, Hall set to work in his private laboratory exploring the method of fused salt electrolysis. On Wednesday 10 February 1886 he found that alumina dissolved in fused cryolite "like sugar in water", and that the bath so produced was a good conductor of electricity. He contained the solution in a pure graphite crucible which also acted as an efficient cathode, and by 16 February 1886 had produced the first globules of metallic aluminium. With two backers, Hall was able to complete his experiments and establish a small pilot plant in Boston, but they withdrew after the US Patent Examiners reported that Hall's invention had been anticipated by a French patent, filed by Paul Toussaint Héroult in April 1886. Although Hall had not filed until July 1886, he was permitted to testify that his invention had been completed by 16 February 1886 and on 2 April 1889 he was granted a seventeen-year monopoly in the United States. Hall now had the support of Captain A.E. Hunt of the Pittsburgh Testing Institute who provided the capital for establishing the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, which by 1889 was selling aluminium at $1 per pound compared to the $15 for sodium-reduced aluminium. Further capital was provided by the banker Andrew Mellon (1855–1937). Hall then turned his attention to Britain and began negotiations with Johnson Matthey, who provided land on a site at Patricroft near Manchester. Here the Aluminium Syndicate, owned by the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, began to produce aluminium in July 1890. By this time the validity of Hall's patent was being strongly contested by Héroult and also by the Cowles brothers, who attempted to operate the Hall process in the United States. Hall successfully sued them for infringement, and was confirmed in his patent rights by the celebrated ruling in 1893 of William Howard Taft, subsequently President of the USA. In 1895 Hall's company changed its name to the Pittsburgh Aluminium Company and moved to Niagara Falls, where cheap electrical power was available. In 1903 a legal compromise ended the litigation between the Hall and Héroult organizations. The American rights in the invention were awarded to Hall, and the European to Héroult. The Pittsburgh Aluminium Company became the Aluminium Company of America on 1 January 1907. On his death he left his estate, worth about $45 million, for the advancement of education.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChemical Society, London, Perkin Medal 1911.Further ReadingH.N.Holmes, 1930, "The story of aluminium", Journal of Chemical Education. E.F.Smith, 1914, Chemistry in America.ASD
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